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	First references and possible origins</div>
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	In a bull of Pope Adrian I to 777, it mentions a convent of St. Martin of Fano, which holds &quot;the fourth part of the earth Montemaggiore&quot;. This is the first historical news that covers the territory of Montemaggiore. Some authors (see &quot;Castellano, 1837&quot; &quot;Amadio, 1957&quot;) to support the derivation of the &quot;Monte Maor&quot; or &quot;Mauro&quot; or &quot;Maurum&quot; name considering the origin of the name a reference to the Carthaginian general Hasdrubal, who would He was defeated in the Battle of Metauro 207 BC These assumptions, however, are to be taken with caution, as it would seem the result of reconstructions aimed at mythologizing the territories of the Duke Francesco Maria II. The historical reconstruction of the Metauro territories is even less viable by the destruction of all archives in the area at the time of the coming of Lorenzo de &#39;Medici.</div>
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	The fortification</div>
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	In the papal bubbles of Hadrian IV of May 5, 1156 and Alexander III of 18 April 1178, talking about Montemaggiore, the term &quot;Castrum&quot;, ie &quot;castle.&quot; Around the year one thousand, in fact, spread the phenomenon of. At the origin of this process there are mainly the need to defend the lower classes by the continuous incursions, and the need on the part of the feudal lords to exert economic and political control over the rural population. The ruined castle of Montemaggiore in the thirteenth century. because of the sieges of the Ghibellines of Percivalle D&#39;Oria, vicar of king Manfredi, repeats the thirteenth century characters, while the cathedral is instead of the fifteenth century.</div>
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	Under the vicariate of Mondavio</div>
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	The history of Montemaggiore is inextricably linked to the vicariate of Mondavio for centuries XIV, XV, XVI. The vicarage was born because of the will of the Church and to emancipate castles from the city of Fano and its taxes.</div>
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	I Malatesta</div>
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	After several attempts by the Malatesta to conquer the Vicariate of Mondavio, in 1376 Galeotto I Malatesta, after a series of looting could not. On the death of Galeotto, Pandolfo III Malatesta was confirmed by Pope Boniface IX of Mondavio sir. Under the Malatesta family they were resettled territories and fortresses. Under Jailbird occurred resets territories for the Cardinal will Albornoz which included the surrender in Fano of Montemaggiore and around the countryside, but not the reinstatement of the Vicariate of Mondavio, which will take place only in 1380. On the death of Pandolfo and his brother Charles, vicarage returned into the hands of the Holy See. During this time the story of the Malatesta are intertwined with those of Federico da Montefeltro and Sforza.</div>
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	The Della Rovere</div>
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	In 1474, Giovanni Della Rovere, nephew of Pope Sixtus IV, was enfeoffed Lord of Senigallia and vicar of Mondavio. The history of the Della Rovere, joined with that of the Montefeltro (John married Joan, daughter of Federico da Montefeltro). Among the 24 castles submitted there it appeared also to Montemaggiore, so that for a discrete the common period was under the Dukes of Urbino, Urbino until it came under the control of the Papal States. When he died the heir chosen by Francesco Maria II della Rovere, namely Federico Ubaldo, Pope Urban VIII, with the army&#39;s threat, he convinced Francis to the Papal State Duchy sale. The last Duke of Urbino died at Casteldurante (today Urbania) in 1631.</div>
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	Under the Papal State</div>
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	The Della Rovere Pope had left the fertile and prosperous duchy. In this period they were built at least six religious brotherhoods, three of which were made under Madonna. The brotherhoods were the typical form of aggregation that the Council of Trent had recognized, with the aim to avoid the loss of the faithful. Also during this period included substantial investments by the abbots of Fonte Avellana. In 1640 it was built the church of Santa Maria del Soccorso (present-day location of the Civic &quot;Winston Churchill Museum&quot;). With the approach of the Enlightenment, the manuscripts reveal the conflicts with religious obscurantism. Some documents show how the &quot;Montemaggiore&quot; community is indignant in the face of non-payment of &quot;priests, their relatives and more than a landowner.&quot; The only secular charity was the Abundance, with functions to store and distribute the wheat in drought periods. In the mid-eighteenth century Montemaggiore reached the thousand inhabitants, with a marked increase of the rural population. It was at this major expansion that followed the need for a new catastazione by Pius VI, which ended on September 20, 1782. Thanks to this register is now possible to see how the relationship between secular and religious possessions lands was 60 to 40, and how ecclesiastical possessions were exempt from taxes, providing privileged positions to those who had supported the constitution. Typical of this period are the documents in which he reveals the will of the Church to dictate laws on morality and morals of the inhabitants of Montemaggiore. Documents testify, for example, the arrest of a blasphemer for Bishop&#39;s decree and measures for people who have been caught in too intimate conversations with his girlfriend. In a dossier of 1764-95 of Montemaggiore al Metauro Gianbattista Travaglini priest shows interesting micro-events of the time.</div>
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	Napoleon and the Kingdom of Italy</div>
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	The April 30, 1808 with Napoleon King of Italy Montemaggiore became part newly formed Kingdom of Italy, and its borders were redrawn (but not permanently because in 1814 the town was suppressed). 1813 dates from the Cadastre of the City of Montemaggiore, available at the Library Passionei of Fossombrone, from which you can learn the names of the propertied families. Under Napoleon also Montemaggiore was endowed with a National Guard, and in 1814 there were 204 recruited between 14 and 50 years. In Montemaggiore campaigns, afflicted by poverty and illiteracy, sanfedista influence, skilfully exploited by the Church, the father of popular uprisings that in May 15 of 1814 came with the loot and burn down all the cards were in the Town Hall. With the defeat of Joachim Murat ended the Napoleonic period and around the corner appeared the power of the Church.</div>
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	The crisis of the Papal States</div>
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	With the priests who administered justice, and ruled all institutions, there was a sharp decline of the state. Many were miserable and many administrative inefficiencies of ecclesiastical power. It was in the years 30/31 that began to blow the various local governments under the Carbonari uprisings, and February 15, 1831 in Montemaggiore was finally hoisted the Italian flag. a &quot;provisional government was set up so the United Provinces&quot; whose chairman was found in Mason Pesaro Terenzio Mamiani. The advance of the lay wind liber-Democrat could not anyway to shake the power of the Church. In 1850, in fact, the Marches were divided into six provinces and the legacy of Pesaro became simple papal delegate; in this period the esordivano board resolutions with the formula, at odds with the recent secular and anti-clerical revolution, &quot;In the Name of God, Amen.&quot;</div>
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	The cholera epidemic in Montemaggiore</div>
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	In 1855 he also appeared in Montemaggiore the epidemic of plague that for ten years claiming victims in most of Europe. In June, the disease struck marginally the village of Montemaggiore, but already at 17 September, there were 239 patients, including 70 deaths, 154 healed and 18 still being treated. In October he stopped the epidemic and in Montemaggiore the new parish church was dedicated to Our Lady of Grace. Nevertheless, the people montemaggiorese was disaffezionando to the temporal power of the Church, opening the way to the unitary state.</div>
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	The Kingdom of Italy</div>
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	After 1860 the Marche region was divided into four provinces. Montemaggiore became part, as well, the province of Pesaro and Urbino. After three years, in 1863, the town took on the official name of Montemaggiore al Metauro. With the Kingdom of Italy the secular and democratic forces began to erode possidenze of the clergy: the monasteries became schools or municipal buildings and most of the church properties were auctioned public. Dates back to 1861, the first census of the unitary state, which counted 1199 present and 62 absent, 248 families, 655 bachelors including children, 662 married and 82 widowers. In the castle they lived 136 people, 94 in the village and 969 in the countryside. The older woman had 96 years. In 1869 a Royal Decree established the suppression of the municipality of Montemaggiore and San Giorgio di Pesaro, combined them with that of Piagge. The dislike for the town of Piagge and claim to be superior to it, brought Montemaggiore to send a petition directly to Vittorio Emanuele II, just managing to revoke the decree in the same year.</div>
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	Carisio Ciavarini mayor of Montemaggiore</div>
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	In the 80 he was put together the new junta that had as mayor of a major personality. It was the archaeologist and teacher Carisio Ciavarini, founder among others the National Archaeological Museum of the Marche and renowned historian of the period. The Ciavarini was politically linked to the liberal left, secular and anticlerical irreducibly who had just taken power in Italy. His junta, despite the strong commitment and visionary perspective, it could not carry out the planned innovations. To read the reports, it seems clear that the environments related to the right and to the clergy would not see kindly to the new mayor of secular politics. There were irreparable divisions and unexpected resignation such that on February 19, 1882 the junta disbanded. Fresh elections were seen resurface the high-sounding names of previous characters Unification of Italy. He came back well to a monarchical policy of liberal inspiration but clearly clerical mold.</div>
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	Montemaggiore the century</div>
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	At the end of the 80s of the nineteenth century, Montemaggiore made some new experience. Last month of the year of 1887, in fact, was inaugurated the Calcinelli bridge, which was used to connect the left bank of the Metauro, where lay the ancient Via Flaminia, with the right bank, where he lay on the hill of Montemaggiore . Agnati (1999) in his book To the Roman history of the province of Pesaro and Urbino, cites the Montecchini (1879), who argues that once it was possible to cross the metauro paying a ferryman with a currency called &quot;calcinello&quot;. From this currency would derive the name of the hamlet of Saltara, called Calcinelli, the ancient Roman For Octavo. At the beginning of the twentieth century it was built an aqueduct that was to replace old sources of the Napoleonic era. In 1908 it was designed a renovation of the castle walls, a year before the telegraph was introduced, and the town no longer resided in the castle, but in the village below.</div>
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	The century of evil: wars and fascism</div>
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	Montemaggiore also had its dead and its fascists in the so-called century of evil. Many of the events of the period still remain in the memory of the elders of the country, such as the location of shelters (between Villanova and Fiordipiano) or holes in the tufa dug by soldiers, explosions of bombs and many other events that have characterized the fascist period in campaigns over Italy. The rise of fascism, however, silencing these bloody events of the regime, thanks to the great works as the theater of Montemaggiore (House of the working men&#39;s club and table) and the commissioning of the railway with a station Calcinelli; not to mention, then, the parish priest Don processions Minardi, enthusiasm charges towards the regime rites, especially after the signing of the Lateran Pacts. Another of the symbolic gestures of the Fascist period was the inauguration in 1934 of the Montemaggiore pine forest, which still plays a large part of the walls of the castle and is now dedicated to the poet Mario Luzi. When the end of the first half of the Forties Italy turned his back on fascism and the Germans, becoming co-belligerent with the Anglo-Americans, many Germans still occupied the territories of the country. A Montemaggiore a German fighter fell under British fire killing also bring its pilot. The Germans were planning the Gotenstellung, or the Gothic Line, that is a defensive line in order to slow the advance of the allies commanded by Harold Alexander. On the morning of August 25, Winston Churchill and General Alexander arrived in Montemaggiore to observe the Gothic Line and the Operation Olive design. This was a memorable moment for montemaggioresi citizens, who until a few minutes before were still under fire. Montemaggiore was thus liberated from the Germans even though the country had suffered extensive damage.</div>
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	The war on</div>
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	The political choices of Montemaggiore immediately following the war saw to head the DC and the Republic. The crossed shield was in fact a good shelter for the owners linked to the Catholic cooperative credit, even if subsequently detected a majority of leftist mayors. Subsequent social phenomena to the war, were the abandonment of mass campaigns and, from the 70s onwards, the thickening of the massive urban village of Villanova, has now become the center of business activities, commercial and social rights of citizens of Montemaggiore.</div>
